{"id":676,"date":"2026-02-07T00:37:31","date_gmt":"2026-02-06T23:37:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/our-expertise\/conseil-en-droit-des-affaires\/"},"modified":"2026-03-15T00:32:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-14T23:32:33","slug":"commercial-advisory","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/our-expertise\/commercial-advisory\/","title":{"rendered":"Commercial advisory"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"hero-image relative  w-full flex flex-col items-center justify-center overflow-hidden\">\n    \n    <!-- Image de fond -->\n            <img decoding=\"async\" \n            alt=\"\" \n            class=\"absolute inset-0 w-full h-full object-cover\" \n            src=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/wall.jpg\">\n        <div class=\"absolute inset-0 hero-overlay\"><\/div>\n        \n    <!-- Breadcrumb en haut \u00e0 gauche -->\n            <div class=\"absolute top-20 left-0 mt-10 w-full\">\n            <div class=\"max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8\">\n                \n<!-- Breadcrumb Schema.org JSON-LD -->\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n    \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n    \"@type\": \"BreadcrumbList\",\n    \"itemListElement\": [\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n            \"position\": 1,\n            \"name\": \"Home\",\n            \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/\"\n        }\n    ]\n}<\/script>\n\n<!-- Breadcrumb Navigation -->\n<nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"flex flex-nowrap items-center gap-2 text-[10px] font-bold tracking-[0.2em] text-slate-400 uppercase overflow-x-auto scrollbar-hide breadcrumb-nav\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BreadcrumbList\">\n            \n                \n                    <!-- \u00c9l\u00e9ment actuel : tronqu\u00e9 sur desktop, scroll sur mobile -->\n            <span class=\"breadcrumb-current text-slate-900 whitespace-nowrap flex-shrink-0\" itemprop=\"itemListElement\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ListItem\" aria-current=\"page\" title=\"Home\">\n                <meta itemprop=\"position\" content=\"1\" \/>\n                <span itemprop=\"name\">Home<\/span>\n            <\/span>\n                \n    <\/nav>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <!-- Contenu align\u00e9 \u00e0 gauche (comme la home) -->\n    <div class=\"relative z-10 w-full hero-content mt-20\">\n        <div class=\"max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8 pt-20\">\n            <style>\n                .hero-image .hero-content-wrapper {\n                    padding-left: 0 !important;\n                }\n                @media (min-width: 1024px) {\n                    .hero-image .hero-content-wrapper {\n                        padding-left: 82px !important;\n                    }\n                }\n            <\/style>\n            <div class=\"ml-0 lg:ml-[100px] max-w-3xl hero-content-wrapper pt-5 pb-20\">\n                \n                                    <span class=\"hero-animate hero-animate-1 block text-white\/60 text-xs font-bold uppercase tracking-[0.4em] mb-6\">\n                        Expertises                    <\/span>\n                                \n                                    <h1 class=\"hero-animate hero-animate-2 font-display text-4xl md:text-5xl lg:text-5xl text-white leading-tight\">\n                        <p>Conseil en droit des affaires<\/p>\n                    <\/h1>\n                                \n                                \n                                \n                <!-- Ligne d\u00e9corative -->\n                <div class=\"hero-animate hero-animate-4 h-1 w-24 bg-white mt-10\"><\/div>\n                \n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block-expertise-nav-bottom bg-white relative\">\n    <div class=\"max-w-4xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8 relative z-10\">\n        <div class=\"border-slate-100 flex items-center justify-between\" style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-top: 2rem; padding-bottom: 2rem;\">\n            \n                            <a \n                    class=\"flex items-center gap-2 text-xs font-bold uppercase tracking-widest text-slate-400 hover:text-primary transition-colors\" \n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/our-expertise\/\"\n                                    >\n                                            <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined text-sm\">arrow_back<\/span>\n                                        Our Expertises                <\/a>\n                        \n                            <a \n                    class=\"flex items-center gap-2 text-xs font-bold uppercase tracking-widest text-slate-400 hover:text-primary transition-colors\" \n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/contact\/\"\n                                    >\n                    Contact                                            <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined text-sm\">arrow_forward<\/span>\n                                    <\/a>\n                        \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"pt-12   pb-6 bg-background-light\">\n    <div class=\"max-w-4xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8\">\n        \n                \n                    <div class=\"prose prose-slate prose-lg mb-10\">\n                <h3>Understanding your challenges, structuring your needs, and helping you achieve your ambitions.<\/h3>\n<p>Legal certainty in commercial agreements is a key factor in the performance of economic operators. We advise and assist entrepreneurs, companies, investors, directors and shareholders on a daily basis in the negotiation and execution of their transactions, ensuring that their commercial dealings are both compliant and legally sound..<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3b51a3\"><strong>     <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n            <\/div>\n                \n                \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"bg-white relative accordion-block--ligne\">\n    <div class=\"max-w-7xl mx-auto  xl:px-12 relative z-10\">\n        <div class=\"prose max-w-none py-12 lg:py-16\" style=\"\">\n            \n                            <!-- Style Ligne : deux colonnes, tout visible, full width avec marges \u00e9gales -->\n                <style>\n                    .accordion-block--ligne .accordion-content-wrapper {\n                        width: 100%;\n                        padding-left: 1rem;\n                        padding-right: 1rem;\n                    }\n                    @media (min-width: 640px) {\n                        .accordion-block--ligne .accordion-content-wrapper {\n                            padding-left: 1.5rem;\n                            padding-right: 1.5rem;\n                        }\n                    }\n                    @media (min-width: 1024px) {\n                        .accordion-block--ligne .accordion-content-wrapper {\n                            padding-left: 100px;\n                            padding-right: 100px;\n                        }\n                    }\n                <\/style>\n                <div class=\"accordion-content-wrapper\">\n                                <div class=\"accordion-ligne not-prose bg-[#F8F9FB] rounded-lg overflow-hidden\">\n                                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-item flex flex-col md:flex-row md:items-start gap-4 md:gap-8 lg:gap-12 py-6 md:py-8 lg:py-10 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-10 border-b border-slate-200\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-title w-full md:w-[30%] md:max-w-[30%] md:flex-shrink-0 md:min-w-0 relative pl-4 border-l-2 border-[#D1DDEB]\">\n                                <div class=\"absolute -left-1 top-0 w-8 h-8 opacity-20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" class=\"text-primary\">\n                                        <path d=\"M9 12h6m-6 4h6m2 5H7a2 2 0 01-2-2V5a2 2 0 012-2h5.586a1 1 0 01.707.293l5.414 5.414a1 1 0 01.293.707V19a2 2 0 01-2 2z\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <h4 class=\"font-display font-bold text-primary text-xl sm:text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-snug break-words m-0\">\n                                    Deeds of sale of business assets, securities, or receivables                                <\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content-wrapper flex-1 min-w-0\">\n                                <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content text-slate-700 leading-relaxed text-base sm:text-lg\">\n                                    <p>The sale of business assets, company securities, or receivables are complex transactions that must comply with conditions of formation for validity and be structured rigorously in order to reflect the economic reality of the transaction envisaged by the parties.<\/p>\n<p>We advise buyers and sellers, and guarantors both in the context of<em> in bonis<\/em> transactions and in distress situations.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-item flex flex-col md:flex-row md:items-start gap-4 md:gap-8 lg:gap-12 py-6 md:py-8 lg:py-10 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-10 border-b border-slate-200\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-title w-full md:w-[30%] md:max-w-[30%] md:flex-shrink-0 md:min-w-0 relative pl-4 border-l-2 border-[#D1DDEB]\">\n                                <div class=\"absolute -left-1 top-0 w-8 h-8 opacity-20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" class=\"text-primary\">\n                                        <path d=\"M9 12h6m-6 4h6m2 5H7a2 2 0 01-2-2V5a2 2 0 012-2h5.586a1 1 0 01.707.293l5.414 5.414a1 1 0 01.293.707V19a2 2 0 01-2 2z\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <h4 class=\"font-display font-bold text-primary text-xl sm:text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-snug break-words m-0\">\n                                    Settlement agreements                                <\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content-wrapper flex-1 min-w-0\">\n                                <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content text-slate-700 leading-relaxed text-base sm:text-lg\">\n                                    <p>We intervene upstream of complex litigations to assist parties seeking a confidential resolution to their disagreement, with a view to maintaining their business relationship. A settlement agreement aimed at sustaining a business relationship serves not only to resolve past difficulties but also to establish a framework for cooperation accepted by both parties, thereby avoiding any risk of future disputes.<\/p>\n<p>Combining our expertise in business advisory and litigation, we ensure that settlement agreements are effective from both a legal and commercial perspective.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-item flex flex-col md:flex-row md:items-start gap-4 md:gap-8 lg:gap-12 py-6 md:py-8 lg:py-10 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-10 border-b border-slate-200\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-title w-full md:w-[30%] md:max-w-[30%] md:flex-shrink-0 md:min-w-0 relative pl-4 border-l-2 border-[#D1DDEB]\">\n                                <div class=\"absolute -left-1 top-0 w-8 h-8 opacity-20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" class=\"text-primary\">\n                                        <path d=\"M9 12h6m-6 4h6m2 5H7a2 2 0 01-2-2V5a2 2 0 012-2h5.586a1 1 0 01.707.293l5.414 5.414a1 1 0 01.293.707V19a2 2 0 01-2 2z\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <h4 class=\"font-display font-bold text-primary text-xl sm:text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-snug break-words m-0\">\n                                    Service contracts                                <\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content-wrapper flex-1 min-w-0\">\n                                <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content text-slate-700 leading-relaxed text-base sm:text-lg\">\n                                    <p>The contracts a company enters into, whether as a service provider or a client, have an impact on its organisational performance, profitability, and competitiveness. We intervene to secure your commitments (assignments, deadlines, responsibilities, and financial conditions), as well as to support you during the execution phase of these commitments.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-item flex flex-col md:flex-row md:items-start gap-4 md:gap-8 lg:gap-12 py-6 md:py-8 lg:py-10 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-10 border-b border-slate-200\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-title w-full md:w-[30%] md:max-w-[30%] md:flex-shrink-0 md:min-w-0 relative pl-4 border-l-2 border-[#D1DDEB]\">\n                                <div class=\"absolute -left-1 top-0 w-8 h-8 opacity-20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" class=\"text-primary\">\n                                        <path d=\"M9 12h6m-6 4h6m2 5H7a2 2 0 01-2-2V5a2 2 0 012-2h5.586a1 1 0 01.707.293l5.414 5.414a1 1 0 01.293.707V19a2 2 0 01-2 2z\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <h4 class=\"font-display font-bold text-primary text-xl sm:text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-snug break-words m-0\">\n                                    Partnership agreements                                <\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content-wrapper flex-1 min-w-0\">\n                                <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content text-slate-700 leading-relaxed text-base sm:text-lg\">\n                                    <p>The roll-out of certain activities may require economic players to pool their resources and capabilities through a joint venture or framework agreement, with a view to accelerating their individual growth. Such projects, carried out through partnerships, can offer a significant competitive advantage and act as a catalyst for gaining market share when structured effectively.<\/p>\n<p>We assist you in structuring your partnerships to ensure a clear and balanced framework that enables each party to understand their commitments, rights and obligations.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-item flex flex-col md:flex-row md:items-start gap-4 md:gap-8 lg:gap-12 py-6 md:py-8 lg:py-10 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-10 border-b border-slate-200\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-title w-full md:w-[30%] md:max-w-[30%] md:flex-shrink-0 md:min-w-0 relative pl-4 border-l-2 border-[#D1DDEB]\">\n                                <div class=\"absolute -left-1 top-0 w-8 h-8 opacity-20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" class=\"text-primary\">\n                                        <path d=\"M9 12h6m-6 4h6m2 5H7a2 2 0 01-2-2V5a2 2 0 012-2h5.586a1 1 0 01.707.293l5.414 5.414a1 1 0 01.293.707V19a2 2 0 01-2 2z\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <h4 class=\"font-display font-bold text-primary text-xl sm:text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-snug break-words m-0\">\n                                    Confidentiality agreements                                <\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content-wrapper flex-1 min-w-0\">\n                                <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content text-slate-700 leading-relaxed text-base sm:text-lg\">\n                                    <p>A confidentiality agreement is an effective tool for securing your negotiations and agreements. The scope and coverage of a confidentiality agreement must be tailored-made to the project in order to protect your ideas, projects, and intellectual property.<\/p>\n<p>We regularly advise investors on the implementation of agreements protecting their sensitive information. These contracts secure their commercial exchanges and preserve their know-how.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-item flex flex-col md:flex-row md:items-start gap-4 md:gap-8 lg:gap-12 py-6 md:py-8 lg:py-10 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-10 \">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-title w-full md:w-[30%] md:max-w-[30%] md:flex-shrink-0 md:min-w-0 relative pl-4 border-l-2 border-[#D1DDEB]\">\n                                <div class=\"absolute -left-1 top-0 w-8 h-8 opacity-20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" class=\"text-primary\">\n                                        <path d=\"M9 12h6m-6 4h6m2 5H7a2 2 0 01-2-2V5a2 2 0 012-2h5.586a1 1 0 01.707.293l5.414 5.414a1 1 0 01.293.707V19a2 2 0 01-2 2z\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <h4 class=\"font-display font-bold text-primary text-xl sm:text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-snug break-words m-0\">\n                                    Franchise agreements                                <\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content-wrapper flex-1 min-w-0\">\n                                <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content text-slate-700 leading-relaxed text-base sm:text-lg\">\n                                    <p>The franchise market occupies an important place in the economy both in France and internationally. Franchising is used in a variety of sectors, including hospitality, retail, catering, and fashion.<\/p>\n<p>The parties to a franchise agreement enter into a collaboration agreement, the terms of which are regulated. A franchise agreement assigns rights and obligations that are crucial to the success of the franchisee&#8217;s business and the reputation of the franchisor&#8217;s network.<\/p>\n<p>We assist franchisors and franchisees in the negotiation and execution of franchise agreements, as well as during the contractual performance period.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<style>\n.accordion-content {\n    max-height: 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    transition: max-height 0.3s ease;\n}\n.accordion-item.active .accordion-content {\n    max-height: 1000px;\n}\n.accordion-item.active .toggle-icon {\n    transform: rotate(180deg);\n}\n.accordion-item.active .accordion-toggle {\n    background-color: #f8fafc;\n}\n.prose.max-w-none em {\n    font-style: italic;\n}\n.accordion-content p {\n    font-size: 0.875rem !important;\n    line-height: 1.5rem !important;\n}\n.accordion-content p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0 !important;\n}\n.accordion-ligne-content p {\n    margin-top: 0 !important;\n    margin-bottom: 0.75em;\n}\n.accordion-ligne-content p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0 !important;\n}\n.accordion-ligne-item.active .accordion-ligne-extra {\n    max-height: 2000px;\n}\n.accordion-ligne-item.active .accordion-ligne-toggle-icon {\n    transform: rotate(180deg);\n}\n.accordion-ligne-extra-inner p {\n    margin-top: 0 !important;\n    margin-bottom: 0.75em;\n}\n.accordion-ligne-extra-inner p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0 !important;\n}\n@media (min-width: 768px) {\n    .accordion-ligne-item {\n        display: grid;\n        grid-template-columns: 30% 1fr;\n        gap: 2rem 3rem;\n        align-items: start;\n    }\n    .accordion-ligne-title {\n        width: 100% !important;\n        max-width: none !important;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\n        \/\/ Style Ligne : bouton En savoir plus \/ Moins\n    document.querySelectorAll('.accordion-ligne-toggle').forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\n            const item = this.closest('.accordion-ligne-item');\n            const content = document.getElementById(this.getAttribute('aria-controls'));\n            const textEl = this.querySelector('.accordion-ligne-toggle-text');\n            const isActive = item.classList.contains('active');\n            \n            item.classList.toggle('active');\n            this.setAttribute('aria-expanded', !isActive);\n            content.setAttribute('aria-hidden', isActive);\n            textEl.textContent = isActive ? this.dataset.labelMore : this.dataset.labelLess;\n        });\n    });\n    });\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block-expertise-nav-bottom bg-white relative\">\n    <div class=\"max-w-4xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8 relative z-10\">\n        <div class=\"border-t border-slate-100 flex items-center justify-between\" style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-top: 2rem; padding-bottom: 2rem;\">\n            \n                            <a \n                    class=\"flex items-center gap-2 text-xs font-bold uppercase tracking-widest text-slate-400 hover:text-primary transition-colors\" \n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/our-expertise\/\"\n                                    >\n                                            <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined text-sm\">arrow_back<\/span>\n                                        Our Expertises                <\/a>\n                        \n                            <a \n                    class=\"flex items-center gap-2 text-xs font-bold uppercase tracking-widest text-slate-400 hover:text-primary transition-colors\" \n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/contact\/\"\n                                    >\n                    Contact                                            <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined text-sm\">arrow_forward<\/span>\n                                    <\/a>\n                        \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"py-24 bg-background-light\">\n    \n        \n    <div class=\"max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8 \">\n        \n        <!-- En-t\u00eate de section -->\n        <div class=\"flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-end mb-16 gap-4\">\n            <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"font-display text-4xl mb-4 text-slate-900\">Publications<\/h2>\n                                \n                                    <p class=\"text-slate-500\">Our legal analyses and strategic discussions just a click away.<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            \n                            <a class=\"text-primary font-bold border-b-2 border-primary pb-1 flex items-center gap-2 hover:gap-4 transition-all\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/publications\/\">\n                    See all publications <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined\">arrow_forward<\/span>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n        \n        <!-- Grille de contenus -->\n        <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-3 gap-8\">\n                \n                                    \n                                        \n                                            <!-- Layout Classique : Image en haut + Texte en dessous -->\n                        <article class=\"group cursor-pointer\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/franchisor-to-prepare-or-not-to-prepare-the-prospective-operating-accounts-of-the-prospective-franchisee-that-is-no-longer-the-question\/'\">\n                            \n                                                            <div class=\"overflow-hidden rounded-2xl mb-6 aspect-video\">\n                                    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"770\" height=\"433\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2706296545-scaled.jpg\" class=\"w-full h-full object-cover group-hover:scale-105 transition-transform duration-500 wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2706296545-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2706296545-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2706296545-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2706296545-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2706296545-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2706296545-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" \/>                                <\/div>\n                                                        \n                                                                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/category\/commercial-litigation\/\" class=\"text-primary font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-widest mb-3 hover:text-primary transition-colors inline-block\">\n                                    Commercial litigation                                <\/a>\n                                                        \n                            <h3 class=\"font-display text-lg font-bold mb-4 text-slate-900 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors text-slate-900\">\n                                Franchisor, to prepare or not to prepare the prospective operating accounts of the prospective franchisee? That is no longer the question                            <\/h3>\n                            \n                                                        \n                            <p class=\"text-slate-400 text-xs font-semibold uppercase\">\n                                February 7, 2025                            <\/p>\n                        <\/article>\n                                        \n                                    \n                                        \n                                            <!-- Layout Classique : Image en haut + Texte en dessous -->\n                        <article class=\"group cursor-pointer\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/exclusion-of-a-partner-a-clause-depriving-a-partner-of-the-right-to-vote-on-his-or-her-exclusion-does-not-cause-him-or-her-any-grievance-if-he-or-she-was-able-to-vote\/'\">\n                            \n                                                            <div class=\"overflow-hidden rounded-2xl mb-6 aspect-video\">\n                                    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"649\" height=\"433\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2727654037-scaled.jpg\" class=\"w-full h-full object-cover group-hover:scale-105 transition-transform duration-500 wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2727654037-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2727654037-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2727654037-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2727654037-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2727654037-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2727654037-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/>                                <\/div>\n                                                        \n                                                                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/category\/commercial-litigation\/\" class=\"text-primary font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-widest mb-3 hover:text-primary transition-colors inline-block\">\n                                    Commercial litigation                                <\/a>\n                                                        \n                            <h3 class=\"font-display text-lg font-bold mb-4 text-slate-900 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors text-slate-900\">\n                                Exclusion of a partner: a clause depriving a shareholder of the right to vote on his or her exclusion does not cause him or her any grievance if he or she was able to participate in the vote                            <\/h3>\n                            \n                                                        \n                            <p class=\"text-slate-400 text-xs font-semibold uppercase\">\n                                June 9, 2024                            <\/p>\n                        <\/article>\n                                        \n                                    \n                                        \n                                            <!-- Layout Classique : Image en haut + Texte en dessous -->\n                        <article class=\"group cursor-pointer\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/breach-of-contract-third-party-liability-simplified-by-the-cour-de-cassation\/'\">\n                            \n                                                            <div class=\"overflow-hidden rounded-2xl mb-6 aspect-video\">\n                                    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"585\" height=\"433\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_2155048265-scaled.jpg\" class=\"w-full h-full object-cover group-hover:scale-105 transition-transform duration-500 wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_2155048265-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_2155048265-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_2155048265-1024x758.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_2155048265-768x568.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_2155048265-1536x1136.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_2155048265-2048x1515.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/>                                <\/div>\n                                                        \n                                                                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/category\/commercial-litigation\/\" class=\"text-primary font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-widest mb-3 hover:text-primary transition-colors inline-block\">\n                                    Commercial litigation                                <\/a>\n                                                        \n                            <h3 class=\"font-display text-lg font-bold mb-4 text-slate-900 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors text-slate-900\">\n                                Breach of contract, third-party liability simplified by the Cour de Cassation                            <\/h3>\n                            \n                                                        \n                            <p class=\"text-slate-400 text-xs font-semibold uppercase\">\n                                May 9, 2020                            <\/p>\n                        <\/article>\n                                        \n                                \n        <\/div>\n        \n                \n    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