{"id":678,"date":"2026-02-07T00:38:33","date_gmt":"2026-02-06T23:38:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/our-expertise\/contentieux-civil\/"},"modified":"2026-03-15T18:45:20","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T17:45:20","slug":"civil-litigation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/our-expertise\/civil-litigation\/","title":{"rendered":"Civil litigation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"hero-image relative  w-full flex flex-col items-center justify-center overflow-hidden\">\n    \n    <!-- Image de fond -->\n            <img decoding=\"async\" \n            alt=\"\" \n            class=\"absolute inset-0 w-full h-full object-cover\" \n            src=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/wall.jpg\">\n        <div class=\"absolute inset-0 hero-overlay\"><\/div>\n        \n    <!-- Breadcrumb en haut \u00e0 gauche -->\n            <div class=\"absolute top-20 left-0 mt-10 w-full\">\n            <div class=\"max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8\">\n                \n<!-- Breadcrumb Schema.org JSON-LD -->\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n    \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n    \"@type\": \"BreadcrumbList\",\n    \"itemListElement\": [\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n            \"position\": 1,\n            \"name\": \"Home\",\n            \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/\"\n        }\n    ]\n}<\/script>\n\n<!-- Breadcrumb Navigation -->\n<nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\" class=\"flex flex-nowrap items-center gap-2 text-[10px] font-bold tracking-[0.2em] text-slate-400 uppercase overflow-x-auto scrollbar-hide breadcrumb-nav\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BreadcrumbList\">\n            \n                \n                    <!-- \u00c9l\u00e9ment actuel : tronqu\u00e9 sur desktop, scroll sur mobile -->\n            <span class=\"breadcrumb-current text-slate-900 whitespace-nowrap flex-shrink-0\" itemprop=\"itemListElement\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ListItem\" aria-current=\"page\" title=\"Home\">\n                <meta itemprop=\"position\" content=\"1\" \/>\n                <span itemprop=\"name\">Home<\/span>\n            <\/span>\n                \n    <\/nav>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <!-- Contenu align\u00e9 \u00e0 gauche (comme la home) -->\n    <div class=\"relative z-10 w-full hero-content mt-20\">\n        <div class=\"max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8 pt-20\">\n            <style>\n                .hero-image .hero-content-wrapper {\n                    padding-left: 0 !important;\n                }\n                @media (min-width: 1024px) {\n                    .hero-image .hero-content-wrapper {\n                        padding-left: 82px !important;\n                    }\n                }\n            <\/style>\n            <div class=\"ml-0 lg:ml-[100px] max-w-3xl hero-content-wrapper pt-5 pb-20\">\n                \n                                    <span class=\"hero-animate hero-animate-1 block text-white\/60 text-xs font-bold uppercase tracking-[0.4em] mb-6\">\n                        Expertises                    <\/span>\n                                \n                                    <h1 class=\"hero-animate hero-animate-2 font-display text-4xl md:text-5xl lg:text-5xl text-white leading-tight\">\n                        <p>Civil litigation<\/p>\n                    <\/h1>\n                                \n                                \n                                \n                <!-- Ligne d\u00e9corative -->\n                <div class=\"hero-animate hero-animate-4 h-1 w-24 bg-white mt-10\"><\/div>\n                \n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block-expertise-nav-bottom bg-white relative\">\n    <div class=\"max-w-4xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8 relative z-10\">\n        <div class=\"border-slate-100 flex items-center justify-between\" style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-top: 2rem; padding-bottom: 2rem;\">\n            \n                            <a \n                    class=\"flex items-center gap-2 text-xs font-bold uppercase tracking-widest text-slate-400 hover:text-primary transition-colors\" \n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/our-expertise\/\"\n                                    >\n                                            <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined text-sm\">arrow_back<\/span>\n                                        Our Expertises                <\/a>\n                        \n                            <a \n                    class=\"flex items-center gap-2 text-xs font-bold uppercase tracking-widest text-slate-400 hover:text-primary transition-colors\" \n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/contact\/\"\n                                    >\n                    Contact                                            <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined text-sm\">arrow_forward<\/span>\n                                    <\/a>\n                        \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"pt-12   pb-6 bg-background-light\">\n    <div class=\"max-w-4xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8\">\n        \n                \n                    <div class=\"prose prose-slate prose-lg mb-10\">\n                <h3>The Firm assists its clients with civil litigation before the courts in France and Cameroon.<\/h3>\n<p>With proven expertise in litigation, we regularly represent individuals, executives, investors and companies to defend their interests before the courts.<\/p>\n<p>Representation before the courts, as necessary, may be provided by our correspondents under partnership agreements.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n            <\/div>\n                \n                \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"bg-white relative accordion-block--ligne\">\n    <div class=\"max-w-7xl mx-auto  xl:px-12 relative z-10\">\n        <div class=\"prose max-w-none py-12 lg:py-16\" style=\"\">\n            \n                            <!-- Style Ligne : deux colonnes, tout visible, full width avec marges \u00e9gales -->\n                <style>\n                    .accordion-block--ligne .accordion-content-wrapper {\n                        width: 100%;\n                        padding-left: 1rem;\n                        padding-right: 1rem;\n                    }\n                    @media (min-width: 640px) {\n                        .accordion-block--ligne .accordion-content-wrapper {\n                            padding-left: 1.5rem;\n                            padding-right: 1.5rem;\n                        }\n                    }\n                    @media (min-width: 1024px) {\n                        .accordion-block--ligne .accordion-content-wrapper {\n                            padding-left: 100px;\n                            padding-right: 100px;\n                        }\n                    }\n                <\/style>\n                <div class=\"accordion-content-wrapper\">\n                                <div class=\"accordion-ligne not-prose bg-[#F8F9FB] rounded-lg overflow-hidden\">\n                                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-item flex flex-col md:flex-row md:items-start gap-4 md:gap-8 lg:gap-12 py-6 md:py-8 lg:py-10 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-10 border-b border-slate-200\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-title w-full md:w-[30%] md:max-w-[30%] md:flex-shrink-0 md:min-w-0 relative pl-4 border-l-2 border-[#D1DDEB]\">\n                                <div class=\"absolute -left-1 top-0 w-8 h-8 opacity-20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" class=\"text-primary\">\n                                        <path d=\"M9 12h6m-6 4h6m2 5H7a2 2 0 01-2-2V5a2 2 0 012-2h5.586a1 1 0 01.707.293l5.414 5.414a1 1 0 01.293.707V19a2 2 0 01-2 2z\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <h4 class=\"font-display font-bold text-primary text-xl sm:text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-snug break-words m-0\">\n                                    Civil tort and contractual liability                                <\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content-wrapper flex-1 min-w-0\">\n                                <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content text-slate-700 leading-relaxed text-base sm:text-lg\">\n                                    <p>The operation of a business, and more broadly, everyday interactions, can expose you to liability claims. When damage occurs for which you are implicated, it is essential to identify the potential risks of being held liable, which could give rise to a claim for compensation. This initial risk assessment enables you to prepare for any potential litigation. The law distinguishes between two main types of civil liability: contractual civil liability on the one hand, and tortious civil liability on the other.<\/p>\n<p>You may be held liable under contract where damage results from a breach of contract. In such cases, the injured party may seek compensation for the damage suffered.<\/p>\n<p>Tortious liability, on the other hand, applies when damage is caused outside of any contractual relationship, or as a result of a breach of contract when it is invoked by a third party to the contract on tortious grounds.<\/p>\n<p>We assist clients in identifying the applicable legal foundation for their dispute and in defending their interests.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-item flex flex-col md:flex-row md:items-start gap-4 md:gap-8 lg:gap-12 py-6 md:py-8 lg:py-10 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-10 border-b border-slate-200\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-title w-full md:w-[30%] md:max-w-[30%] md:flex-shrink-0 md:min-w-0 relative pl-4 border-l-2 border-[#D1DDEB]\">\n                                <div class=\"absolute -left-1 top-0 w-8 h-8 opacity-20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" class=\"text-primary\">\n                                        <path d=\"M9 12h6m-6 4h6m2 5H7a2 2 0 01-2-2V5a2 2 0 012-2h5.586a1 1 0 01.707.293l5.414 5.414a1 1 0 01.293.707V19a2 2 0 01-2 2z\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <h4 class=\"font-display font-bold text-primary text-xl sm:text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-snug break-words m-0\">\n                                    Voidable agreements                                <\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content-wrapper flex-1 min-w-0\">\n                                <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content text-slate-700 leading-relaxed text-base sm:text-lg\">\n                                    <p>The validity and enforceability of a contract depend on its compliance with formal and\/or substantive requirements. Failure to meet the conditions for the formation of a contract allows the parties to challenge its enforceability.<\/p>\n<p>An application for a contract to be voided is a means of withdrawing from a signed agreement and returning the parties to the position they were in prior to signing the contract. It must therefore be considered and brought in a timely manner.<\/p>\n<p>We assist clients in analysing the validity of their commitments and in defending their interests in any proceedings brought or to be brought seeking annulment.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-item flex flex-col md:flex-row md:items-start gap-4 md:gap-8 lg:gap-12 py-6 md:py-8 lg:py-10 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-10 border-b border-slate-200\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-title w-full md:w-[30%] md:max-w-[30%] md:flex-shrink-0 md:min-w-0 relative pl-4 border-l-2 border-[#D1DDEB]\">\n                                <div class=\"absolute -left-1 top-0 w-8 h-8 opacity-20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" class=\"text-primary\">\n                                        <path d=\"M9 12h6m-6 4h6m2 5H7a2 2 0 01-2-2V5a2 2 0 012-2h5.586a1 1 0 01.707.293l5.414 5.414a1 1 0 01.293.707V19a2 2 0 01-2 2z\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <h4 class=\"font-display font-bold text-primary text-xl sm:text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-snug break-words m-0\">\n                                    Summons for debt collection                                <\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content-wrapper flex-1 min-w-0\">\n                                <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content text-slate-700 leading-relaxed text-base sm:text-lg\">\n                                    <p>A claim may be contested, or the debtor may resist payment. A debtor who refuses to pay a debt must be able to justify his refusal, or risk being ordered to pay interest on arrears in addition to the principal debt. Where a debtor fails to settle a debt despite informal demands, the creditor may initiate legal proceedings to obtain payment of the sums due.<\/p>\n<p>A summons to pay an outstanding debt may encourage the debtor to settle the debt; if they fail to do so, a court order can be used to compel them to pay.<\/p>\n<p>The summons for debt recovery must be served in good time, otherwise there is a risk that your debtor may become insolvent or that your claim may become time-barred.<\/p>\n<p>We assist you at every stage of a debt recovery procedure, whether you are the claimant or the defendant.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-item flex flex-col md:flex-row md:items-start gap-4 md:gap-8 lg:gap-12 py-6 md:py-8 lg:py-10 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-10 border-b border-slate-200\">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-title w-full md:w-[30%] md:max-w-[30%] md:flex-shrink-0 md:min-w-0 relative pl-4 border-l-2 border-[#D1DDEB]\">\n                                <div class=\"absolute -left-1 top-0 w-8 h-8 opacity-20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" class=\"text-primary\">\n                                        <path d=\"M9 12h6m-6 4h6m2 5H7a2 2 0 01-2-2V5a2 2 0 012-2h5.586a1 1 0 01.707.293l5.414 5.414a1 1 0 01.293.707V19a2 2 0 01-2 2z\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <h4 class=\"font-display font-bold text-primary text-xl sm:text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-snug break-words m-0\">\n                                    Guarantees and securities                                <\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content-wrapper flex-1 min-w-0\">\n                                <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content text-slate-700 leading-relaxed text-base sm:text-lg\">\n                                    <p>Security interests designed to ensure the proper performance of contractual obligations are essential mechanisms for guaranteeing the payment of debts. However, their enforcement may give rise to disputes, particularly where the validity of the obligation, the scope of the guarantee, or the terms of the guarantee agreement are disputed.<\/p>\n<p>We represent creditors and debtors in disputes relating to the enforcement of guarantees and other forms of security.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-item flex flex-col md:flex-row md:items-start gap-4 md:gap-8 lg:gap-12 py-6 md:py-8 lg:py-10 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-10 \">\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-title w-full md:w-[30%] md:max-w-[30%] md:flex-shrink-0 md:min-w-0 relative pl-4 border-l-2 border-[#D1DDEB]\">\n                                <div class=\"absolute -left-1 top-0 w-8 h-8 opacity-20\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" class=\"text-primary\">\n                                        <path d=\"M9 12h6m-6 4h6m2 5H7a2 2 0 01-2-2V5a2 2 0 012-2h5.586a1 1 0 01.707.293l5.414 5.414a1 1 0 01.293.707V19a2 2 0 01-2 2z\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <h4 class=\"font-display font-bold text-primary text-xl sm:text-2xl lg:text-3xl leading-snug break-words m-0\">\n                                    Bank fraud                                <\/h4>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content-wrapper flex-1 min-w-0\">\n                                <div class=\"accordion-ligne-content text-slate-700 leading-relaxed text-base sm:text-lg\">\n                                    <p>The rise in banking fraud is a major challenge for the banking sector, payment service providers and users of payment tools, as well as for businesses, which are increasingly falling victim to such scams (CEO fraud). Bank fraud today takes various forms, such as the fraudulent use of payment methods, unauthorised transfers, or online (phishing) and telephone (spoofing) scams. These different fraud mechanisms may give rise to liability for the various parties involved.<\/p>\n<p>We assist both banking institutions and victims (individuals and businesses) in negotiations to resolve fraud-related disputes amicably before the banking ombudsman, and, if no agreement is reached, before the competent courts.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<style>\n.accordion-content {\n    max-height: 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    transition: max-height 0.3s ease;\n}\n.accordion-item.active .accordion-content {\n    max-height: 1000px;\n}\n.accordion-item.active .toggle-icon {\n    transform: rotate(180deg);\n}\n.accordion-item.active .accordion-toggle {\n    background-color: #f8fafc;\n}\n.prose.max-w-none em {\n    font-style: italic;\n}\n.accordion-content p {\n    font-size: 0.875rem !important;\n    line-height: 1.5rem !important;\n}\n.accordion-content p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0 !important;\n}\n.accordion-ligne-content p {\n    margin-top: 0 !important;\n    margin-bottom: 0.75em;\n}\n.accordion-ligne-content p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0 !important;\n}\n.accordion-ligne-item.active .accordion-ligne-extra {\n    max-height: 2000px;\n}\n.accordion-ligne-item.active .accordion-ligne-toggle-icon {\n    transform: rotate(180deg);\n}\n.accordion-ligne-extra-inner p {\n    margin-top: 0 !important;\n    margin-bottom: 0.75em;\n}\n.accordion-ligne-extra-inner p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0 !important;\n}\n@media (min-width: 768px) {\n    .accordion-ligne-item {\n        display: grid;\n        grid-template-columns: 30% 1fr;\n        gap: 2rem 3rem;\n        align-items: start;\n    }\n    .accordion-ligne-title {\n        width: 100% !important;\n        max-width: none !important;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\n        \/\/ Style Ligne : bouton En savoir plus \/ Moins\n    document.querySelectorAll('.accordion-ligne-toggle').forEach(function(btn) {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\n            const item = this.closest('.accordion-ligne-item');\n            const content = document.getElementById(this.getAttribute('aria-controls'));\n            const textEl = this.querySelector('.accordion-ligne-toggle-text');\n            const isActive = item.classList.contains('active');\n            \n            item.classList.toggle('active');\n            this.setAttribute('aria-expanded', !isActive);\n            content.setAttribute('aria-hidden', isActive);\n            textEl.textContent = isActive ? this.dataset.labelMore : this.dataset.labelLess;\n        });\n    });\n    });\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"block-expertise-nav-bottom bg-white relative\">\n    <div class=\"max-w-4xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8 relative z-10\">\n        <div class=\"border-t border-slate-100 flex items-center justify-between\" style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-top: 2rem; padding-bottom: 2rem;\">\n            \n                            <a \n                    class=\"flex items-center gap-2 text-xs font-bold uppercase tracking-widest text-slate-400 hover:text-primary transition-colors\" \n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/our-expertise\/\"\n                                    >\n                                            <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined text-sm\">arrow_back<\/span>\n                                        Our Expertises                <\/a>\n                        \n                            <a \n                    class=\"flex items-center gap-2 text-xs font-bold uppercase tracking-widest text-slate-400 hover:text-primary transition-colors\" \n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/contact\/\"\n                                    >\n                    Contact                                            <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined text-sm\">arrow_forward<\/span>\n                                    <\/a>\n                        \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"py-24 bg-background-light\">\n    \n        \n    <div class=\"max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8 \">\n        \n        <!-- En-t\u00eate de section -->\n        <div class=\"flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between items-end mb-16 gap-4\">\n            <div>\n                                    <h2 class=\"font-display text-4xl mb-4 text-slate-900\">Publications<\/h2>\n                                \n                                    <p class=\"text-slate-500\">Our legal analyses and strategic discussions just a click away.<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            \n                            <a class=\"text-primary font-bold border-b-2 border-primary pb-1 flex items-center gap-2 hover:gap-4 transition-all\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/publications\/\">\n                    See all publications <span class=\"material-symbols-outlined\">arrow_forward<\/span>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n        \n        <!-- Grille de contenus -->\n        <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-3 gap-8\">\n                \n                                    \n                                        \n                                            <!-- Layout Classique : Image en haut + Texte en dessous -->\n                        <article class=\"group cursor-pointer\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/exclusion-of-a-partner-a-clause-depriving-a-partner-of-the-right-to-vote-on-his-or-her-exclusion-does-not-cause-him-or-her-any-grievance-if-he-or-she-was-able-to-vote\/'\">\n                            \n                                                            <div class=\"overflow-hidden rounded-2xl mb-6 aspect-video\">\n                                    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"649\" height=\"433\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2727654037-scaled.jpg\" class=\"w-full h-full object-cover group-hover:scale-105 transition-transform duration-500 wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2727654037-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2727654037-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2727654037-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2727654037-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2727654037-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_2727654037-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/>                                <\/div>\n                                                        \n                                                                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/category\/commercial-litigation\/\" class=\"text-primary font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-widest mb-3 hover:text-primary transition-colors inline-block\">\n                                    Commercial litigation                                <\/a>\n                                                        \n                            <h3 class=\"font-display text-lg font-bold mb-4 text-slate-900 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors text-slate-900\">\n                                Exclusion of a partner: a clause depriving a shareholder of the right to vote on his or her exclusion does not cause him or her any grievance if he or she was able to participate in the vote                            <\/h3>\n                            \n                                                        \n                            <p class=\"text-slate-400 text-xs font-semibold uppercase\">\n                                June 9, 2024                            <\/p>\n                        <\/article>\n                                        \n                                    \n                                        \n                                            <!-- Layout Classique : Image en haut + Texte en dessous -->\n                        <article class=\"group cursor-pointer\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/failure-to-characterize-futile-and-preliminary-proceedings-can-the-creditor-reassign\/'\">\n                            \n                                                            <div class=\"overflow-hidden rounded-2xl mb-6 aspect-video\">\n                                    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"649\" height=\"433\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_1144466060-scaled.jpg\" class=\"w-full h-full object-cover group-hover:scale-105 transition-transform duration-500 wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_1144466060-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_1144466060-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_1144466060-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_1144466060-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/shutterstock_1144466060-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/>                                <\/div>\n                                                        \n                                                                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/category\/commercial-litigation\/\" class=\"text-primary font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-widest mb-3 hover:text-primary transition-colors inline-block\">\n                                    Commercial litigation                                <\/a>\n                                                        \n                            <h3 class=\"font-display text-lg font-bold mb-4 text-slate-900 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors text-slate-900\">\n                                Failure to characterize futile and preliminary proceedings: can the creditor reassign&nbsp;?                            <\/h3>\n                            \n                                                        \n                            <p class=\"text-slate-400 text-xs font-semibold uppercase\">\n                                March 9, 2024                            <\/p>\n                        <\/article>\n                                        \n                                    \n                                        \n                                            <!-- Layout Classique : Image en haut + Texte en dessous -->\n                        <article class=\"group cursor-pointer\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/monetary-claims-and-adr-under-french-law-when-must-you-try-out-of-court-settlement-before-issuing-a-claim\/'\">\n                            \n                                                            <div class=\"overflow-hidden rounded-2xl mb-6 aspect-video\">\n                                    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"770\" height=\"433\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/shutterstock_2706296545-770x433.jpg\" class=\"w-full h-full object-cover group-hover:scale-105 transition-transform duration-500 wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/shutterstock_2706296545-770x433.jpg 770w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/shutterstock_2706296545-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/shutterstock_2706296545-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/shutterstock_2706296545-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/shutterstock_2706296545-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/shutterstock_2706296545-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" \/>                                <\/div>\n                                                        \n                                                                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/category\/commercial-litigation\/\" class=\"text-primary font-bold text-xs uppercase tracking-widest mb-3 hover:text-primary transition-colors inline-block\">\n                                    Commercial litigation                                <\/a>\n                                                        \n                            <h3 class=\"font-display text-lg font-bold mb-4 text-slate-900 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors text-slate-900\">\n                                Monetary Claims and ADR under French Law: When must you try out-of-court settlement before issuing a claim&nbsp;?                            <\/h3>\n                            \n                                                        \n                            <p class=\"text-slate-400 text-xs font-semibold uppercase\">\n                                December 9, 2020                            <\/p>\n                        <\/article>\n                                        \n                                \n        <\/div>\n        \n                \n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":674,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-678","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=678"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/678\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1848,"href":"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/678\/revisions\/1848"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/674"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ngoune-avocat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}